Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Prognosis and Treatment Strategies in Patients with Hematological Malignancy--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide since outbreak in December 2019, and become a global public health crisis. Patients with hematological malignancy concurrently infected with COVID-19 are often associated with severe even fatal complications, due to low basic immune function, high intensity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and slow immune reconstruction post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and their treatment strategies, such as anti-infective therapy, blood transfusion, and the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor need to be adjusted. The characteristics of patients, chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and other clinical factors may affect the prognosis of patients with hematological malignancy concurrently infected with COVID-19. Herein, the latest research progress is reviewed.

Research Advances on Clinical Application of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in the Treatment of Hematological Diseases--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Abstract　　Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for patients who were lack of HLA match related or unrelated donors. Compared with bone marrow and mobilized peripheral blood, UCB has the advantages of easy availability, safety for donors, and low requirement for HLA match between donors and recipients. However, the cell amount in UCB is relatively less, which was associated with increased graft failure, delayed hematologic recovery, immune reconstitution, and higher transplant related mortality after UCB transplantation (UCBT). Double-unit UCB is a straightforward method to augment cell amount in UCB. Compared with single-unit UCBT, double-unit CBT associated with less risk of primary disease relapse and increased incidence rate of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but the hematologic recovery and overall survival of recipients were no significantly difference between single and double-unit UCBT. Novel strategies for UCB expansion significantly increased the cell amount in UCB, single-unit expanded UCBT not only increased the sources of UCB, but also decreased the high cost of double-unit UCB. ATG can decrease the risk of graft failure and GVHD rate, but the role of ATG in UCBT is still controversial. Herein, the recent clinical advances on UCBT in the treatment of hematologic diseases are systematically reviewed.

Ressarch Advances of Prevantive and Therapeatic Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Graft-Versus-Host Disease--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequently encountered serious complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), it limits the success and widespread use of allo-HSCT. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are selected as ideal prophylactic and treatment means for GVHD during allo-HSCT due to their unique immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Herein, the recent research progress about the prevantive and therapeutic effects of MSCs on GVHD and several issues related with the applications of MSC, including whether MSCs increasing risk of primary disease relapse and infection, impact of several clinical parameters on the clinical response to MSCs, and the prevantive and therapeutic effect of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles on GVHD are systematically reviewed.

Analysis of Clinical Pathological Features and Prognosis in Young Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical pathological features of the patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and their prognostic factors.@*METHODS@#The prognosis of the clinical pathological features and their influence on prognosis of 177 patients diagnosed as DLBCL at the first visit from January 2013 to May 2017 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#The univariate analysis showed that overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were associated with later Ann Arbor stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) ( P＜0.01, P＜0.05), high performance status (ECOG score 2-4) (P＜0.01, P＜0.05), extranodal involvement ＞1 (P＜0.01, P＜0.05), elevated LDH level (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). B symptom (P＜0.05) and elevated β2-MG level (P＜0.05) also influenced OS. COX multivariate analysis showed that the elevated β2-MG level (P＜0.05) and later stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) (P＜0.05) have an independent influence on OS, later stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) (P＜0.05) also independently influenced PFS. The patients with high aaIPI score (2-3) and bone marrow involvement before treatment had poor OS (P＜0.01, P＜0.01) and PFS (P＜0.05, P＜0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Elevated β2-MG level can independently influence OS, and later stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) can independently influence both OS and PFS. High aaIPI score (2-3) and bone marrow involvement before treatment have an inferior influence on OS and PFS.

Research Advances on BK Virus Associated Hemorrhagic Cystitis after HSCT-Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

BK virus（BKV）associated hemorrhagic cystitis is one of the most common complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（HSCT）, which can increase the suffering, become time consuming and even life threatening. However, BKV infection has not attracted enough attention in clinical practice. Accurate BKV monitoring and effective clinical treatments are still in urgent need. In recent years, BKV-DNA monitoring has shown a significant clinical value in BKV-associated hemorrhagic cystitis after HSCT. As for clinical treatments, traditional antivirus agent cidofovir is still to show promising effects, in the meantime, the virus-specific lymphocytes and other new therapies are continuously appearing. Here, the most recent advances on pathogenesis, treatment, virus monstoring and so on for BKV associated hemorrhagic cystitis after HSCT are reviwed.

Application of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified NK Cells in Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the killing effect of CAR (CD138-CD28-CD3ζ)-NK cells on myeloma cells through construction of CAR(CD138-CD28-CD3)-NK cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The antiCD138scFv-CD28-CD3 zeta plasmid pcDNA3.1 was constructed, which then together with 3 plasmid lentiviral packaging system were transfected into 293T cells, the virus was collected. Furthermore, in order to get the stably transfected cell line, the NK92MI cell line was infected by the virus, then the positive cells were screened by puromycin. The expression of the CARNK cells were verified by RT-PCR and Western blot. At last the ability of secreting cytokine CD107a was detected by flow cytometry, and the statistical analysis was carried out to verify the anti-myeloma effect of CAR-NK cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gene fragment of the CAR(antiCD138scFv-CD28-CD3ζ) was constructed successfully by gene engineering technique in vitro, and the gene sequence was verified to be correct by sequencing. By virus packaging technology, the virus expressing the protein of the CAR was obtained. PCR and Western blot verified the expression of CAR fusion protein on the sufurce of NK cells. The cell killing experiment confirmed that the CAR-NK cells possessed the ability to secrete cytokine CD107a superior to control cells and showed the obvious killing effect on multiple myeloma cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CAR can be constructed in vitro, and express on NK92 cells. The CAR-NK cells can kill the multiple myeloma cells expressing CD138 antigen, thereby plays an antimyeloma effect.</p>

Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Prognosis of PTLD after allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical characteristics of patients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) after allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and to improve the understanding and diagnosis of PTLD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 244 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the General Hospital of PLA from May 2014 to April 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The follow-up time was up to November 30, 2017. The incidence, risk factors, treatment and survival of patients with PTLD were statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 244 cases the PTLD occurred in 22 cases, the incidence rate was 9.02%, 5 of them were diagnosed by pathology, and 17 were diagnosed clinically. All of them had EB virus infection. They were all ATG user, either underwent related haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 20 cases were treated with rituximab or rituximab combined with γ-globulin, glucocorticoid, ERV+CTL, chemotherapy and 17 showed the effective response, with a total effective rate of 85%. The median follow-up time was 122 days, the median survival time was 5 months (1-22 months) and the total survival rate was 50%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence of PTLD after allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation closely relates with EB virus infection. The application of ATG in the preconditioning scheme is a high risk factor for the onset of PTLD. In the case of no pathological diagnosis, clinical and laboratory examinations should be actively combined so as to define clinical diagnosis. The riturimab should be used more and more for patients with PTLD.</p>

Establishment of A20 Murine B Lymphoma Transplantation Model Labeled with Luciferase / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the animal model of luciferase-transfected A20 murine B cell lymphoma, so as to provide experimental tools to explore the effect of graft versus tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Luciferase- labeled A20 cells were cloned with puromycin selection. Transfected A20 cells and CBL/6 bone marrow were inoculated into the irradiated BALB/c mice by injection in tailvein to establish the transplantation model. The bioluminescent imaging technique was used to monitor the tumor growth, and then the survival, body weight, tumor formation and pathological characteristics of target organs were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A20 cell line stably expressing luciferase gene was successfully obtained. The the bioluminicent imaging found that the tumor luminescence could be observed on day 8 of A20 cell inoculation, and the mean fluorescent intensity was increased along with the tumor growth. Compared with the BMT group, the survival rate and body weight of BMT+A20-Lucmice were decreased significantly. General anatomy showed the tumor mainly formed in the liver and spleen.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A mouse transplantation model with luciferase- transfected A20 cells has been successfully established, thus laying a foundation for investigation of graft-versus-tumor.</p>

Effect of G-CSF in vitro Stimulation on Distribution of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets in the Healthy Persons / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in vitro stimulation on the distribution of lymphocyte subset in healthy human.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were collected from 8 healthy volunteers by density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll-Paque. In vitro 200 ng/ml G-CSF or 200 ng/ml G-CSF plus 10 µg/ml ConA directly act on PBMNCs, then the colleted cells were cultivated for 3 days. Lymphocyte subsets were stained with the corresponding fluoresce labeled antibodies and detected by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of T cells in G-CSF group and G-CSF+ConA group were both higher than that in the control group (P<0.001, P<0.05). However, there were not significantly different in B cells and NK cells levels among the 3 groups. Furthermore, analysis of the effect of G-CSF on T cell subsets indicated that the levels of CD4T cells and CD8T cells in G-CSF group were both significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01, P<0.05), Treg cells was not different between G-CSF and control group. Compared with the control group, the level of CD4T cells, CD8T cells and Treg cells in G-CSF+ConA group significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01). Analysis of G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) expression showed that G-CSFR expression on T cells in G-CSF+ConA group dramatically increased, as compared with control group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The levels of CD4T cells and CD8T cells in healthy human peripheral blood can be increased by G-CSF stimulation. ConA can enhance the level of T cells and induce G-CSFR expression on T cells.</p>

Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and infection are the frequently encountered complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which influence the outcome and limit the widespread application of HSCT. Intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining intestinal immune balance. The diverse levels of intestinal microbiota associated with the incidences of GVHD, infection and the prognosis of HSCT, thus remodeling intestinal microbiota can alleviate GVHD and infection after HSCT. Herein, the recent research progress about the role and the involved mechanisms of intestinal microbiota in HSCT, and the novel manipulation strategies of intestinal microbiota are systematically reviewed.

Analysis of Hematopoietic Reconstitution in Auto-Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the factors which may have influences on hematopoietic reconstitution of the auto-peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(auto-PBHSCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The successful rate, the time of hematopoietic reconstitution and implantation status at 28 days after transplantation of 177 patients received auto-PBSCT were retropectively analyzed, in order to explore the factors which may have influences on hematopoietic reconstitution.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median time of neutrophil recovery was 12 days (8-21 days), implantation rate was 98.9%, all patients' neutrophil were recovered in 28 days. The median time of platelet recovery was 17 days (7-420 days), implantation rate was 95.5%, the cumulative incidence of platelet recovery at day 28 was 80.8%. Univariate analysis showed that the CD34cell number and the use of TPO had effect on neutrophils recovery time; the disease kinds, conditioning regimen and the infused CD34cell number had influence on platelets recovery time. Multivariate analysis showed that the CD34cell number was the independent influencing factor of neutrophils reconstitution time; the disease kinds, the CD34cell number were the independent influencing factors of platelet reconstitution time. Disease kinds and the CD34cell number were the independent influencing factors of hematopoietic reconstitution status of 28 days after transplantation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In auto-PBHSCT patients, disease kinds, conditioning regimen, the infused CD34cell number and the use of TPO have been confirmed to be independent influencing factors on hematopoietic reconstitution.</p>

Abnormal Notch-Hes Signaling Pathways and Acute Leukemia -Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

The abnormal activation of Notch signaling is closely related to the development of acute leukemia (AL). The core elements of the Notch signaling system include Notch receptors, Notch ligands, CSL DNA-binding proteins, and effectors like target genes. Any factors, which affect ligands, receptors, signal transducers and effectors, can influence the signal transduction of Notch signaling greatly. Based on the role of Notch signaling in AL, several targeted drugs against Notch upstream signaling have been developed. However, due to the complexity and pleiotropic effects of Notch upstream signaling, these targeted drugs display strong side effects. Thus, Hes (Hairy Enhancer of Split) factors as a primary Notch effector, also play an important role in the pathogenesis of AL. This review summarizes recent progresses on Notch-Hes signaling in AL, hopping to provide references for further excavation of the Notch-Hes signaling, and lay foundations for developing the next generation of targeted drugs.

Advances of Diagnostic Biomarkers on Acute Graft Versus Host Disease -Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is one of the main complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of aGVHD is typically based on clinical presentation and confirmed by biopsy. In recent years, aGVHD researches have been focused on diagnostic biomarkers, and several microRNAs, cytokines and immunoregulated cells have been dicovered currently. This review summarizes the advances on aGVHD biomarkers.

Treatment of Chronic Graft versus Host Disease -Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) is the major reason of late non-relapse related death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The therapeutic regimen based on glucocorticoids remains as the standard initial treatment of cGVHD. But due to the significant side effects and unsatisfactory outcomes, particularly for patients with steroid-refractory disease, the more effective and less toxic therapies should be needed. Abnormal regulation for the stable state of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes for allo-HSCT patients is the current focus of studying cGVHD pathogenesis. This article summarizes the treatment of cGVHD targeted to pathogenic factors and signaling pathways in pathogenetic process.

Detection of ATP Level in CD4T Lymphocytes and Its Clinical Significance in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Recipients / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical value of detecting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in CD4T lymphocytes (Immuknow ATP) of patients on early stage after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The base-line ATP value in CD4T lymphocytes in cases of hematological malignancies and the ATP level in CD4T lymphocytes of acute leukemia patients before allo-HSCT were detected. Allo-HSCT recipients were devided into 3 groups with different level of immunereactivity according to ATP concentraiton in month 3 (day 90±5) after allo-HSCT. The clinical characteristics of patients in 3 groups were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mass concentration of Immuknow ATP in 15 cases of hematological malignancies before allo-HSCT ranged from 56.21-435.71 ng/ml, with a mean of 203.98±112.72 ng/ml. The ATP level in 46 cases after allo-HSCT ranged from 1.69-333.09 ng/ml, with a median of 41.96 ng/ml. Both 91.26 ng/ml (mean-SD) and 316.70 ng/ml (mean+SD) were used as cutoff, and 36 allo-HSCT recipients (78.3%) were assigned to low immunereactivity group, 8 recipients (17.4%) to middle group and 2 recipients (4.3%) to high group. The incidence of infection in low immunereactivity group was significantly higher than that in middle immunereactivity group (86.1% vs 50.0%)(P=0.022), and also significantly higher than that in high immunereactivity group (86.1% vs 0%)(P=0.002). There were no statistical differences in the incidences of severe infection among 3 groups. The incidence of grade II or higher acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) in high immunereactivity group was superior to that in low immunereactivity group statistically (100% vs 13.9%)(P=0.002). Immune-mediated organ injury occurred more frequently in high immunereactivity group as compared with low and middle immunereactivity groups (100% vs 0% and vs 0%)(P=0.000; P=0.002). There were no significant differences in relapse rates of leukemia among 3 groups. The percentage of patients with increased trough blood concentration of cyclosporine A(CsA) was not significantly different among 3 groups (P=0.720).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detection of ATP level in CD4T lymphocytes on early stage after allo-HSCT possesses clinical significance for predicting infection, severity at aGVHD and immune-mediated organ injury.</p>

Therapeutic Efficacy Analysis of Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for 14 Adult Patients with T Lymphoblastic Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transpdantation (allo-HSCT) for T lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 14 adult patients with T-LBL treated with allo-HSCT were collected, the hematopoietic reconstruction, survival and relapse, as well as overall survival (OS) rate, event-free survival (EFS) rate of 1, 3 and 5 years were analysed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients were engrafted with neutrophil successfully, the median time of absolute neutrophil count >0.5 × 10(9)/L was 13 (10-19) d; 13 patients were engrafted with platelets successfully, the median time of Plt count >20 × 10(9)/L was 17 (12-62) days. The acute GVHD occurred in 6 patients, but among them only 1 case with 3 grade of aGVHD; out of 14 patients, 5 developed chronic GVHD. The transplant-related mortality at 100 days was 7.1% (1/14), mainly from coronary heart disease and pulmonary infection. The median follow-up time was 26.5 months, the estimated 1, 3 and 5 year OS rate was 85.7%, 47.6% and 38.1%, respectively, and estimated 1, 3 year EFS rate was 85.7%, 34.4% and 34.1%, respectively. The relapse rate was 42.8% (6/14) and the median relapse time was 22.5% months after transplantation. Up to now, 7 patients still survive, 1 patient out of them have survived for 103 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The allo-HSCT is a safe and effective method for treatment of T-LBL.</p>

P53-mediated Regulatory Mechanism of Ran Transcription in Multiple Myeloma Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of p53 on ran transcription in myeloma cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, the ran transcription level was measured in 8 human myeloma cell lines such as OPM-2, RPMI-8226, U-266, KAS6/1, ANML-6, H-929, MM1.S and MOLP-8. The ran transcription level and P53 expression were detected by Q-PCR in MM1.S treated with Nutlin-3a for 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. The Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of ran and P53 proteins, and ran expression level after transfection of MM1.S cells using different concentration of plasmids which express the P53 luciferase reporter.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>H-929 and MM1.S cells showed the highest ran transcription level among the above-mentioned 8 cell lines (P<0.05). After treatment with Nutlin-3a, ran transcription level in MM1.S cells decreased (P<0.05), (r=-1.00, P=0.04) and P53 expression increased (r=1.00, P=0.06) in time-dependence manner. The detection by p53 luciferase reporter showed that the ran transcription decreased and the plasmid increased to 25 ng (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study demonstrated that ran is a target gene regulated by P53 in myeloma cells for the first time.</p>

Effect of rhG-CSF Mobilization on S1P5 Expression in T Lymphocyte Subsets of Allo-HSCT Donors / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) mobilization on S1P5 expression in T lymphocyte subsets of allo-HSCT donors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The peripheral blood was collected from 10 allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) donors before and after mobilization with rhG-CSF for 4 days. The flow cytometry was used to detect S1P5 expression in T lymphocyte subsets.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no S1P5 expression on the surface of T-lymphocytes both before and after rhG-CSF mobilization. After fixation with permeabilization agent, S1P5 expression could be detected in lymphocytes after rhG-CSF mobilization, which indicates S1P5 may be located in cells. Compared with level before rhG-CSF mobilization, S1P5 expression was significantly increased in T lymphocyte subsets after rhG-CSF mobilization, CD3(+)T cells (57.92±2.32)% vs (7.94±1.47)%(P<0.05）, CD4(+)T cells (72.58±1.73)% vs （5.48±0.82）%(P<0.05）, CD8(+)T cells（51.79±3.57）% vs （6.46±1.01）%（P<0.05）,CD3-/CD56(+)NK cells（40.00±1.47）% vs（4.97±0.74）%（P<0.05）. The up-regulated level of S1P5 expression in CD4(+)T cells was most high(P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>S1P5 expression significantly increases in T lymphocyte subsets after rhG-CSF mobilization, and the up-regulated level of S1P5 expression in CD4(+)T cells is the most high.</p>

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Technique to Establish S1PR5 Gene Knockout Mice / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the S1PR5 gene knockout mouse model by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique so as to provide the tool for studying the regulating role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 (S1PR5) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Single guide RNA (sgRNA) plasmids against the exon 3 of S1PR5 were designed and constructed. Then the sgRNA and hCas9 were transcribed by T7 RNA polymerase in vitro. Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA were mixed and microinjected into fertilized eggs of C57BL/6 mice. T7E1 digestion and gene sequencing were used to detect the mutations of S1PR5. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of S1PR5.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Finally 2 kinds of F2 generation of homozygous S1PR5 deficent mice (S1PR5-170/-170 mice and S1PR5-215/-215 mice) were gained, and in these 2 model mice the S1PR5 did not express at mRNA and protein levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A mouse model with S1PR5 dificiency has been successfully established, which shall lay a foundation for future investigation of S1PR5.</p>

Influence of S1PR5 Defect on the Lymphocyte Distribution in Mice / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (S1PRs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors expressed on the surface of lymphocytes. The interaction between S1P and S1PRs plays a significant role in the migration and distribution of lymphocytes.</p><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of S1PR5 defect on the lymphocytes distribution in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The distribution of different subsets of lymphocyte in the mice with S1PR5 defect was examined by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with wild type mice, the number of NK cells in the peripheral blood (PB) and spleen (SP) from the mice with S1PR5 defect decreased very significantly 〔PB: 6.4±0.45% vs 2.2±0.47(P<0.01,n=3)；SP: 3.0±0.91% vs 0.68±0.14%(P<0.05,n=3)〕. However, the NK cell number in the bone marrow (BM) and lymphonodes (LN) of the mice with S1PR5 defect increased very significantly 〔BM: 0.97±0.20 % vs 2.6±0.35% (P<0.01, n=3); LN: 0.35±0.16% vs 1.7±0.15% (P<0.01, n=3)〕. The percentages of CD3(+) lymphocyte in peripheral blood, spleen and lymph node were not statistically significantly different between these 2 types of mice 〔PB: 17.3±7.9% vs 17.0±4.6% (P>0.05, n=3); SP: 33.0±6.0% vs 27.4±1.8% (P>0.05, n=3); LN: 42.3±10.7% vs 51.2±2.7% (P>0.05, n=3)〕.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>S1PR5 defect can significantly influence the NK cell distribution.</p>